Manti, minarets and medressas in Bukhara

Although we didn’t manage to get tickets for the high speed train from Khiva to Bukhara, I was still pretty happy with our spacious seats and table on our seven-and-a-half-hour journey on the slower train. Apparently tour groups often block book tickets, which meant that the first two carriages of our train were full, while ours was half empty.

Fully embracing travelling slowly, we happily spent the journey napping, writing, eating, and crucially not planning how to get between the train station and our B&B.

We pulled into Bukhara train station and ran the normal gauntlet past the crowd of taxi drivers. One particularly persistent driver followed me across the station forecourt (he only ever spoke to me, not Sara), until Sara told him in no uncertain terms that we didn’t need a taxi. I’m guessing this broke a few social norms, but it certainly did the trick.

The next step was to find our way onto the right bus/marshrutka, but we couldn’t find the bus we thought we wanted, and explaining our route through hand gestures was proving difficult. Eventually, a local teenager took pity on us and showed us onto the right bus (he was also going the same way). He introduced us to another English speaking friend, and en route to the old town we covered topics from the UK’s energy crisis to Arsenal’s position in the Premier League.


Bukhara’s Lyab-i Hauz is a plaza in the centre of the old town containing one of the few remaining communal pools, which used to provide water for drinking and bathing to the city’s inhabitants. The plaza was surrounded on nearly every side by beautiful medressas, sparkling in the sunshine in all their restored beauty, and is still frequented by wizened old men (known locally as aksakal, or white beards) sipping tea while putting the world to rights.

Beyond these grand buildings, the old town extends out to what’s left of the original mud-and-brick city walls via a maze of alleyways. We spent some time meandering through these tiny streets on our way to the Chor Minor, a stunning Indian-style building with four towers, each uniquely patterned and topped with vivid turquoise tiling. Although we’d seen the building referred to as a medressa and the towers as minarets, apparently it was actually a gatehouse to a since destroyed medressa, but today only houses a small souvenir shop.

While the handful of bazaars in the old town were mostly dedicated to souvenirs and clothing, the real action seemed to take place at the central market, confusingly located just beyond the city walls. Even in the late afternoon, this market was still bustling with stalls selling fresh produce, spices, textiles, and seemingly anything else you could possibly need. We particularly liked the freeloading birds to which the seed sellers seemed to have turned a blind eye (below right).

On the way back to the old town we popped into the Ark of Bukhara, a huge fortress barely within the city walls where the Khan would have lived and received visitors. Just inside the Ark’s entrance was the Juma (Friday) Mosque, fronted by a row of intricately carved wooden pillars (below left). A few minutes down the road from the Ark was the Zindan (city jail). Back in the days of Queen Victoria, this jail held two English diplomats in its notorious bug pit (below right), along with a handful of rats, scorpions and goodness knows what else. These two unfortunate souls were sent on separate missions from England, but had both managed to offend the Khan upon arrival in Bukhara, and were promptly thrown into jail. A few years later they were each marched from the jail in front of huge crowds, forced to dig their own graves, and beheaded. Needless to say, our levels of politeness and respect skyrocketed prior to leaving the jail.

It felt like Bukhara had a seemingly endless number of blue-tiled, sand-coloured Islamic buildings extending north-west from the Lyab-i Hauz. Our highlights were the Kalan mosque with its 47m minaret, and the Mir-i-Arab Medressa opposite featuring twin turquoise domes either side of its colossal facade. And just when we thought we’d seen and photographed everything, the light would change, and we’d take another lap.

While Bukhara isn’t internationally renowned for its cuisine, we were keen to try some local dishes while in town. First up was MANTUXONA P.M.K, a manti (dumpling) restaurant located just beyond the central market. Our table was set inside an arched compartment, but some other tables were even more private, with a curtain shielding them from the rest of the restaurant. I’d tried and failed to translate the Uzbek menu using my phone, so we took a partially-informed guess and fortunately it worked out (with a bit of help from the waiter). The manti themselves consisted of minced beef, onion and fat inside a thin, pasta-like parcel, and topped with butter. While I’m glad we tried them (and they were really tasty when eaten alongside the fresh herbs from our salad), they didn’t quite fill the place in our hearts reserved for khinkali.

Another popular lunchtime dish is Plov, an oily and slightly sweet rice and vegetable dish, topped with pulled meat. And where better to eat it than The Plov, a large restaurant located just outside the old town, where we snagged a table just as it became vacant. I think this is the first time either of us have tried horse meat, and despite our initial reservations, this meal was by far our favourite in Bukhara. Judging by the restaurant’s huge popularity with locals and tourists alike, we weren’t the only ones.

Taking the bus back to the train station might sound like a straightforward task given that we’d already done it once in the opposite direction. Still, we couldn’t find our bus number listed at the bus station where we were hoping it would stop, and only once we had begun to walk further down the road did we see one sail past us. It wasn’t far to the next stop though, and when the next bus pulled up, we were greeted once again by the English speaking teenager from 4 days ago – what are the chances?! We covered more world events on our way to the train station, before wishing him luck in his upcoming English exam.


The next stop on our journey will be Samarkand, a city almost synonymous with the ancient Silk Road, and we couldn’t wait to see it with our own eyes.

Rejoining the Silk Road in Khiva

We made it out of central Nukus on a packed marshrutka and found our way to a dirt car park near the bus station where negotiations for shared taxis take place. We didn’t have to wait too long to find and fill a shared taxi to Urgench (obviously, it filled up the moment I disappeared to go for a wee, leaving the driver frantically gesturing at Oli). Traffic drives on the right in Uzbekistan, but this was of no consequence to our driver, who had a strong preference for the left side of the road and made this known to many other drivers on the two-hour journey! When we reached Urgench, we changed taxis and had another wild ride. This time, our driver was largely happy to stay on the correct side of the road, but was instead a big fan of watching videos on his phone while he weaved through traffic. Thankfully, we made it there in one piece…

We entered the Ichon-Qala (walled city) of Khiva on foot through the West Gate, and it was a brilliant way to get a first look at where we would be spending the next few days learning more about this important trading city. While we’ve already visited other cities on the Silk Route (because, despite its usual moniker, it isn’t actually a single road but a network of trade routes) – including Xanthi, Istanbul, Sivas, Erzurum and Yerevan), this one was a biggie.

After checking into our lovely B&B and completing a good amount of faffing, we headed out to spend golden hour walking along a 2.5 kilometre section of the city walls. It was a lovely stroll until we nearly fell off one end! Thankfully we realised just in time that there were not, in fact, steps back down to street level but actually just a sheer drop. The walls were very cool but it did slightly take the shine off when we realised how recently they had been rebuilt (during the 18th century) – this was to become a running theme. But still, the walk gave a great perspective on the walled city and our first view on the medressas, caravanserai, mosques and palaces we had come to see.

The next morning, we took a chilly pre-breakfast walk to explore while the weather was clear and the town was quiet.

We returned to our B&B feeling very accomplished and had a delicious breakfast under a traditional painted ceiling – these are everywhere and are so beautifully elaborate.

Khiva offers a two-day ticket that gains access to a long list of attractions in the walled city. Somewhat ridiculously, getting a comprehensive list of which buildings are included in the ticket was an added extra, so we stubbornly declined and spent the next few days trying our luck with our ticket whenever we saw an entrance gate!

Inside each of the medressas and palaces, there were exhibits showing room settings, manuscripts, textiles, silk banknotes, carvings, carriages, and all sorts of other interesting paraphernalia. However, we didn’t see many exhibits that directly confronted some of the darker realities of the city’s history, including that it held a notorious slave market. It felt a bit remiss to be enjoying the glorious architecture at face value without acknowledging the suffering that lived side-by-side with the great wealth generated by the trading city.

After a busy morning of exploration, we were hungry for lunch. However, the walled city had limited dining options and felt more touristy than we prefer, so we escaped into the main city and found a roadside tandir (oven) for lunch. We had no idea what we were buying since there was no sign and the food is kept warm inside the oven until someone orders it, so it was a bit of a mystery lunch! In the end we think it was gumma – probably best described as an Uzbek pasty. They were so good (and affordable – 65p each) that we returned the next day for more, much to the stallholder’s amusement – she definitely recognised us as we’d made such a meal of our first order!

On our second full day, we visited the Pahlavon Mahmud Mausoleum. This was noteworthy for its spectacular tiling – the interior was totally encrusted in gorgeous, tiny turquoise and blue tiles* – but truly memorable for the fact that two newly married couples visited for prayers with their entourages while we were there. We sat quietly and tried not to get in the way, and it was so lovely to see. It did get us wondering about wedding traditions in Uzbekistan, and we read an article over dinner that evening. It was a fascinating (if sometimes shocking) read, but we should preface it by saying that we don’t know how typical some of these traditions really are or how quickly things are changing. I know I’ve read articles about British wedding traditions before and thought, “Yes but no one does that any more!”

By this point, we’d visited all of the open buildings within the walled city, so we set our sights towards the Nurullaboy Palace. It had a couple of interesting exhibits and room settings but was mostly just huge and eerily quiet (and we kept finding ourselves in totally empty buildings).

However, we did amuse ourselves for quite some time running around this room of eight mirrors!

This marked the end of our time in Khiva, and the next morning we walked to the train station at sunrise, ready to catch a train to Bukhara.


*Oli really cracked me up when he said it reminded him of a particularly memorable London Rental Opportunity of the Week. If you know, you know.

Banned Soviet art in Nukus

As we mentioned in our last post, Nukus didn’t exactly come highly recommended by the Lonely Planet. But we needed somewhere to break our journey through western Uzbekistan and to be honest, we were a little curious about how bad it could really be! We also read that it has a world-renowned collection of proscribed Soviet art on display at the Savitsky Museum.

Although you’ve probably gathered by now that neither art nor museums are our usual style, it seemed silly to miss the main thing that brings most visitors to the city (although still not a great deal of visitors – after all, it is 22 hours by train from the capital, Tashkent). In another departure from our usual style, we decided to hire a guide, since we are totally clueless about art and anticipated that otherwise we might just wander around blindly, occasionally uttering a perplexed, “Huh”. Ahmad did a great job of bringing the museum to life (and told us some good stories of his own, including the time that he sent Elon Musk a private message to say that he would help him launch Starlink!)

In general, we were surprised how few paintings were openly critical of the Soviet Union, yet had still been banned. This picture was an exception, mocking elements of capitalism (top half) and socialism (bottom half), and was cut in two by the painter when he was released from prison to avoid further persecution. The print underneath showed the original painting, including the bottom half.

Igor Savitsky was a man on a mission. A painter himself, he had travelled to Karakalpakstan in the 1950s as part of an archeological and ethnographic expedition and came across many avant-garde artworks hidden away because they didn’t conform to the socialist realism style that was all but required by the state in the 1930s. Determined to save them, he dedicated (and risked) his life to amassing a huge collection of more than 82,000 pieces and giving them a safe home. Apparently, only 5% of these are on display at any one time, and that’s when both buildings are open (one was closed for renovation when we visited – a bit of an ongoing theme in Uzbekistan).

Igor Savitsky (1915-1984)

The collection doesn’t just include paintings, but all sorts of other Karakalpak artefacts from textiles, jewellery and ceramics to Zoroastrian ossuaries (below right). I had a bit of a shock when Ahmad explained to us that the red outfit (below left) would have been worn by young women, and the white outfit by elderly women aged over 40. When I tried to clarify if this really meant that I would become an elderly woman the day after my 40th birthday, he unapologetically agreed that yes, this would indeed be the case!

Despite this shock, we really enjoyed Ahmad’s humorous and accessible style – he described the painting below of animals at a water trough as an ancient gas station.

The painting below apparently depicts the different stages of drinking – in case you didn’t guess, it was around about now that Ahmad produced his story about Elon Musk…

I loved this painting – it is a family portrait by Serekeev Bazarbay. The baby in the centre is the daughter of the painter and now works at the museum – how cool to have a family portrait on display where you work! Apparently she sometimes does tours and people never believe her when she says, “That’s me!”

Ahmad told us at the start of his tour that he would point out his favourites when we got to them (having been brutally honest about some others of which he wasn’t a fan!) and brought us to this collection of paintings of the Aral Sea. Due to a combination of poor land management (for instance, diverting water to grow cotton in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, countries that have poorly suited climates) and climate change, the Aral Sea has all but dried up. For a combination of reasons (time, distance, not wanting to gawp at others’ misfortune), we’d decided not to visit Moynaq, but we’d seen plenty of pictures of ships beached in arid desert (in fact, I think it’s shown on Race Across the World). It has been described as one of the biggest environmental disasters of all time, and seeing these paintings of such a thriving fishing town really brought home what a catastrophe this was. Apparently these two painters, who had devoted their lives to painting the Aral Sea, stayed in town after it had retreated and each poured a container of water on the dry sea bed every day as a symbol of their hopes that it would return.

On a happier note, these were some of my favourite paintings and really got me excited for the Silk Road cities that lay ahead.

Overall, Nukus was a pleasant enough city and not at all deserving of Lonely Planet’s searingly disparaging description – I wonder whether the authors have visited many grim British towns as they could definitely give it a run for its money! We did read that there had been some sprucing up in recent years to help shake off Nukus’ reputation, so this might explain it.

It was time for us to head east towards our next stop in Uzbekistan. We did this via one of the most chaotic transport interchanges I have ever experienced (and I see myself as a bit of a connoisseur!), the marshrutka station at Nukus’ main bazaar. This is a view of it from above, but it does little to convey the sheer chaos that was unfolding below.

There’s something really humorous about seeing these tiny minivans zipping about everywhere – they are driven so aggressively, almost as if to counter their cute appearance. Oli is a big fan!

By some small miracle, we managed to cram ourselves onto the correct marshrutka and were on our way to the Silk Road city of Khiva.